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* Generate a DH parameters file:
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The following Boost.Asio methods can be used for loading DH parameters:
以下 Boost.Asio 方法可用于加载 DH 参数：
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_tmp_dh.html `net::ssl::context::use_tmp_dh`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_tmp_dh_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_tmp_dh_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_tmp_dh.html `net::ssl::context::use_tmp_dh`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_tmp_dh_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_tmp_dh_file`]
If no DH parameter is provided, OpenSSL will refuse to perform any handshake that uses DHE-based cipher suites but will still work with other cipher suites, such as those based on ECDHE.
如果未提供 DH 参数，OpenSSL 将拒绝执行任何使用基于 DHE 的加密套件的握手，但仍可与其他加密套件（例如基于 ECDHE 的套件）正常工作。
A Self-Issued Certificate Example
自颁发证书示例
In the following example, we will generate a self-signed CA certificate and use it to issue both server and client certificates.
在以下示例中，将生成一个自签名的 CA 证书，并使用该证书来签发服务器证书和客户端证书。
* Generate a CA certificate:
* 生成 CA 证书：
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout ca.key -x509 -out ca.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" -days 365 ```
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout ca.key -x509 -out ca.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" -days 365 ```
* Generate a Server CSR:
* 生成服务器证书签名请求（CSR）：
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout server.key -out server.csr -subj "/CN=localhost" -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1" ```
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout server.key -out server.csr -subj "/CN=localhost" -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1" ```
* Sign the Server CSR using our CA:
* Sign the Server CSR using our CA:
``` openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -copy_extensions copy -days 365 -out server.crt ```
``` openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -copy_extensions copy -days 365 -out server.crt ```
* Generate a Client CSR:
* 生成客户端证书签名请求（CSR）：
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout client.key -out client.csr -subj "/CN=client.1" ```
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout client.key -out client.csr -subj "/CN=client.1" ```
* Sign the Client CSR using our CA:
* 使用 CA 对客户端 CSR 进行签名：
``` openssl x509 -req -in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -days 365 -out client.crt ```
``` openssl x509 -req -in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -days 365 -out client.crt ```
* Generate a DH parameters file:
* 生成 DH 参数文件：
``` openssl dhparam -out dh4096.pem 4096 ```
``` openssl dhparam -out dh4096.pem 4096 ```
Server example: [path_link example/doc/ssl/server.cpp server.cpp]
服务器端示例：[path_link example/doc/ssl/server.cpp server.cpp]
Note that the server is configured in such a way that it requests and verifies the client certificate. You can disable this by commenting out the related line in the example.
注意，该服务器的配置方式要求对客户端证书进行请求和验证。如果需要禁用此功能，可以注释掉示例中的相关代码行。
You can test the server using this cURL command:
可以使用以下 cURL 命令测试该服务器：
``` curl https://localhost:8080 --cacert ca.crt --cert client.crt --key client.key ```
``` curl https://localhost:8080 --cacert ca.crt --cert client.crt --key client.key ```
Also, you can use the client example: [path_link example/doc/ssl/client.cpp client.cpp]
此外，也可以使用客户端示例：[path_link example/doc/ssl/client.cpp client.cpp]
English Chinese (Simplified Han script) Actions
The private key of a certificate is required during the SSL/TLS handshake to prove that the certificate's provider is its rightful owner
证书的私钥在 SSL/TLS 握手过程中是必需的，用于证明证书的提供方是该证书的合法所有者。
The following Boost.Asio methods can be used for loading a private key:
以下 Boost.Asio 方法可用于加载私钥：
* Sign the Server CSR using our CA:
* Sign the Server CSR using our CA:
It is important to set up peer verification so that the TLS/SSL handshake fails if certificate verification is unsuccessful:
设置对端验证非常重要，这样当证书验证失败时，TLS/SSL 握手也会随之失败：
The following Boost.Asio methods can be used for loading DH parameters:
以下 Boost.Asio 方法可用于加载 DH 参数：
Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange is a cryptographic protocol that allows two parties to securely establish a shared secret over an insecure communication channel. The key exchange process involves both parties agreeing on a set of parameters, known as Diffie-Hellman parameters, which include a large prime number `p` and a generator `g`. Since generating these parameters is a computationally expensive task, a user might prefer to provide a precomputed value at startup.
Diffie-Hellman（DH）密钥交换是一种密码学协议，允许双方在不安全的通信通道上安全地建立共享密钥。该密钥交换过程涉及双方约定一组参数，即 Diffie-Hellman 参数，其中包括一个大素数 `p` 和一个生成元 `g`。由于生成这些参数是一项计算开销较大的任务，用户可能更倾向于在启动时提供预先计算好的值。
A server can also request and verify a client certificate to authenticate the client:
服务器也可以请求并验证客户端证书，以对客户端进行身份认证：
Certificate Authority
证书授权机构
``` curl https://localhost:8080 --cacert ca.crt --cert client.crt --key client.key ```
``` curl https://localhost:8080 --cacert ca.crt --cert client.crt --key client.key ```
You can test the server using this cURL command:
可以使用以下 cURL 命令测试该服务器：
In the following example, we will generate a self-signed CA certificate and use it to issue both server and client certificates.
在以下示例中，将生成一个自签名的 CA 证书，并使用该证书来签发服务器证书和客户端证书。
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout server.key -out server.csr -subj "/CN=localhost" -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1" ```
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout server.key -out server.csr -subj "/CN=localhost" -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1" ```
A Self-Issued Certificate Example
自颁发证书示例
A self-signed certificate is a self-issued certificate in which the digital signature can be verified using the public key within the certificate.
自签名证书是一种自颁发证书，其数字签名可使用证书内的公钥进行验证。
SSL/TLS Certificate
SSL/TLS 证书
* Generate a DH parameters file:
* 生成 DH 参数文件：
* Generate a CA certificate:
* 生成 CA 证书：
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout ca.key -x509 -out ca.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" -days 365 ```
``` openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout ca.key -x509 -out ca.crt -subj "/CN=localhost" -days 365 ```
If the private key is secured with a password, the [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/set_password_callback.html net::ssl::context::set_password_callback] allows specifying a callable object to retrieve the password.
如果私钥受密码保护，可以使用 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/set_password_callback.html net::ssl::context::set_password_callback] 设置一个可调用对象，用于获取该密码。
* Generate a Client CSR:
* 生成客户端证书签名请求（CSR）：
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/add_certificate_authority.html `net::ssl::context::add_certificate_authority`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/add_verify_path.html `net::ssl::context::add_verify_path`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/load_verify_file.html `net::ssl::context::load_verify_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/set_default_verify_paths.html `net::ssl::context::set_default_verify_paths`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/add_certificate_authority.html `net::ssl::context::add_certificate_authority`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/add_verify_path.html `net::ssl::context::add_verify_path`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/load_verify_file.html `net::ssl::context::load_verify_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/set_default_verify_paths.html `net::ssl::context::set_default_verify_paths`]
A client must also verify that the hostname or IP address in the certificate matches the expected one. The [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__host_name_verification.html `net::ssl::host_name_verification`] helper function object can perform this verification according to the rules described in RFC 6125:
客户端还需验证证书中的主机名或 IP 地址是否与预期一致。[@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__host_name_verification.html `net::ssl::host_name_verification`] 这个辅助函数对象，可以按照 RFC 6125 描述的规则来完成验证：
When a server certificate is issued by an intermediate certificate authority, and the client lacks those intermediate certificates, the server should provide all the relevant certificates to the client. This allows the client to verify the final certificate in the chain against the root certificate.
当服务器证书由中间证书授权机构签发，且客户端缺少这些中间证书时，服务器应向客户端提供所有相关证书。这使得客户端能够根据根证书验证证书链中的最终证书。
The following Boost.Asio methods can be used for loading a certificate or a certificate chain:
以下 Boost.Asio 方法可用于加载单个证书或证书链：
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_certificate.html `net::ssl::context::use_certificate`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_certificate_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_certificate_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_certificate_chain.html `net::ssl::context::use_certificate_chain`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_certificate_chain_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_certificate_chain_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_certificate.html `net::ssl::context::use_certificate`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_certificate_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_certificate_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_certificate_chain.html `net::ssl::context::use_certificate_chain`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_certificate_chain_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_certificate_chain_file`]
A server can authenticate clients by requiring and verifying their certificates, preventing access for those without a valid certificate and private key. The server enforces this by modifying peer verification settings:
服务器可以通过要求并验证客户端证书来对客户端进行身份认证，从而阻止没有有效证书和私钥的客户端访问。服务器通过修改对端验证设置来实施这一机制：
If used, the necessary CA certificates must be loaded into the server's SSL context to enable verification of the client's certificate.
若使用该机制，则需将必要的 CA 证书加载到服务器的 SSL 上下文中，以便能够验证客户端的证书。
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_private_key.html `net::ssl::context::use_private_key`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_private_key_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_private_key_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_rsa_private_key.html `net::ssl::context::use_rsa_private_key`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_rsa_private_key_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_rsa_private_key_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_private_key.html `net::ssl::context::use_private_key`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_private_key_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_private_key_file`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_rsa_private_key.html `net::ssl::context::use_rsa_private_key`]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/use_rsa_private_key_file.html `net::ssl::context::use_rsa_private_key_file`]
Self-Signed and Self-Issued Certificates
自签名证书与自颁发证书
A self-issued certificate is a certificate where the issuer and subject are the same entity.
自颁发证书是指证书的颁发者与主体为同一实体。

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User avatar Bstran

Translation changed
* Generate a DH parameters file:
* Generate a DH parameters file:生成 DH 参数文件：
06/13/2026
User avatar admin

String added in the repository
* Generate a DH parameters file:
* Generate a DH parameters file:
06/05/2026
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Source string description
type: list
Unit identifier
59480
Source string location
string ID 197
String age
06/05/2026
Last updated
06/26/2026
Source string age
06/05/2026
Translation file QuickBook file
doc/qbk/03_core/9_ssl_tls_certificate_zh_Hans.qbk, string 46