Network programs must handle adverse connection conditions; the most common is that a connected peer goes offline unexpectedly. Protocols have no way of identifying this reliably: the peer is offline after all, and unable to send a message announcing the absence. A peer can go offline for various reasons:
Network programs must handle adverse connection conditions; the most common is that a connected peer goes offline unexpectedly. Protocols have no way of identifying this reliably: the peer is offline after all, and unable to send a message announcing the absence. A peer can go offline for various reasons:网络程序必须处理各种不利的连接状况，最常见的情况就是对端意外离线。由于对端已经不在线，自然无法发送消息来告知自身已离线，因此协议本身无法可靠识别这种状态。对端离线的原因有多种可能：
Network programs must handle adverse connection conditions; the most common is that a connected peer goes offline unexpectedly. Protocols have no way of identifying this reliably: the peer is offline after all, and unable to send a message announcing the absence. A peer can go offline for various reasons:
Network programs must handle adverse connection conditions; the most common is that a connected peer goes offline unexpectedly. Protocols have no way of identifying this reliably: the peer is offline after all, and unable to send a message announcing the absence. A peer can go offline for various reasons:
06/05/2026
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Network programs must handle adverse connection conditions; the most common is that a connected peer goes offline unexpectedly. Protocols have no way of identifying this reliably: the peer is offline after all, and unable to send a message announcing the absence. A peer can go offline for various reasons:网络程序必须处理各种不利的连接状况，最常见的情况就是对端意外离线。由于对端已经不在线，自然无法发送消息来告知自身已离线，因此协议本身无法可靠识别这种状态。对端离线的原因有多种可能：