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Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).
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As before, we note that the implementation class for HTTP requests concerns itself more with the mechanics of sending the message asynchronously than it does with actually modeling the HTTP message as described in __rfc7230__:
与之前一样，可以看出，HTTP 请求的实现类更关注于异步发送消息的机制，而不是按照 __rfc7230__ 中的描述对 HTTP 消息进行实际建模：
* The constructor accepting `std::unique_ptr<http::details::_http_server_context`
* 接受 `std::unique_ptr<http::details::_http_server_context` 的构造函数
* The "cancellation token" is stored inside the message. This breaks the
* “取消令牌”被存储在消息内部。这破坏了
* The `_reply_impl` function implies that the message implementation also
* `_reply_impl` 函数意味着消息的实现也
Finally, here is the public class which represents an HTTP request: ``` class http_request { public:
最后，下面是代表 HTTP 请求的公共类：``` class http_request { public:
407
private:
private:
412
}; ```
}; ```
It is clear from this declaration that the goal of the message model in this library is driven by its use-case (interacting with REST servers) and not to model HTTP messages generally. We note problems similar to the other declarations:
从这个声明中可以清楚地看出，该库中消息模型的目标是由其用例（与 REST 服务器交互）驱动的，而不是为了对 HTTP 消息进行通用建模。我们注意到存在与其他声明类似的问题：
* There are no compile-time customization points at all. The only
* 完全没有编译期自定义点。唯一
* The extraction of the body is conflated with the asynchronous model.
* 消息体的提取与异步模型混为一谈。
* No way to define an allocator for the container used when extracting
* 无法为提取数据时所使用的容器定义分配器
* A body can only be extracted once, limiting the use of this container
* 消息体只能提取一次，这限制了该容器的使用
* Setting the body requires either a vector or a `concurrency::streams::istream`.
* 设置消息体需要使用向量或 `concurrency::streams::istream`。
* The HTTP request container conflates HTTP response behavior (see the
* HTTP 请求容器混淆了 HTTP 响应行为（见
The general theme of the HTTP message model in cpprestsdk is "no user definable customizations". There is no allocator support, and no separation of concerns. It is designed to perform a specific set of behaviors. In other words, it does not follow the open/closed principle.
cpprestsdk 中 HTTP 消息模型的总体主题是“不支持用户可定义的自定义功能”。它没有分配器支持，也没有关注点分离。它的设计目的是执行特定的行为集。换句话说，它没有遵循开闭原则。
Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).
Concurrency Runtime 中的任务操作方式与 `std::future` 类似，但进行了一些改进，例如 C++ 标准中尚未包含的 continuation（续体）。使用基于任务的异步接口而非完成处理程序（completion handlers）的代价已有详细记录：在组合任务操作的调用链上存在无法优化的同步点。参见：[@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff)。
English Chinese (Simplified Han script) Actions
* This container cannot model a complete message. The ['start-line] items
* 该容器无法对完整的消息进行建模。['start-line] 项
* The [*Body] customization point constrains user defined types to
* [*Body] 自定义点将用户自定义类型限制为
* The declarations imply that `std::vector` is a model of [*Body].
* 这些声明暗示 `std::vector` 是 [*Body] 的一个模型。
C++ REST SDK (cpprestsdk)
C++ REST SDK (cpprestsdk)
* The container may only be default-constructed.
* 该容器只能进行默认构造。
* The "cancellation token" is stored inside the message. This breaks the
* “取消令牌”被存储在消息内部。这破坏了
* No support for allocators, stateful or otherwise.
* 不支持分配器，无论是有状态分配器还是其他类型的分配器。
* There are no customization points at all.
* 完全没有任何自定义点。
* The extraction of the body is conflated with the asynchronous model.
* 消息体的提取与异步模型混为一谈。
This container is the base class template used to represent HTTP messages. It uses a "tag" type style specializations for a variety of trait classes, allowing for customization of the various parts of the message. For example, a user specializes `headers_container<T>` to determine what container type holds the header fields. We note some problems with the container declaration:
这个容器是用于表示 HTTP 消息的基类模板。它使用“标签（tag）”类型风格来特化各种特征类，从而允许对消息的各个部分进行自定义。例如，用户可以通过特化 `headers_container<T>` 来确定使用何种容器类型来存储头部字段。我们注意到该容器的声明存在一些问题：
* The message model includes a "source" and "destination." This is
* 消息模型包含了“源”和“目标”。这是
The design of the message container in this library is cumbersome with its system of customization using trait specializations. The use of these customizations is extremely limited due to the way they are used in the container declaration, making the design overly complex without corresponding benefit.
该库消息容器的设计非常繁琐，其自定义系统依赖于特征（trait）特化。由于这些自定义机制在容器声明中的使用方式极为受限，导致该设计过于复杂，却未能带来相应的收益。
* The HTTP request container conflates HTTP response behavior (see the
* HTTP 请求容器混淆了 HTTP 响应行为（见
Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).
Concurrency Runtime 中的任务操作方式与 `std::future` 类似，但进行了一些改进，例如 C++ 标准中尚未包含的 continuation（续体）。使用基于任务的异步接口而非完成处理程序（completion handlers）的代价已有详细记录：在组合任务操作的调用链上存在无法优化的同步点。参见：[@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff)。
} // namespace details ```
} // namespace details ```
* There is no way to defer the commitment of the type for `body_` to
* 无法推迟 `body_` 类型的提交。
The general strategy used by the author to evaluate external libraries is as follows:
作者评估外部库的总体策略如下：
* The specialized trait classes generate a proliferation of small
* 特化的特征类会导致大量小型
is a Microsoft project which ['"...aims to help C++ developers connect to and interact with services"]. It offers the most functionality of the libraries reviewed here, including support for Websocket services using its websocket++ dependency. It can use native APIs such as HTTP.SYS when building Windows based applications, and it can use Boost.Asio. The WebSocket module uses Boost.Asio exclusively.
是一个微软项目，其目标是“帮助 C++ 开发者连接服务并与之交互”。在本文所评测的库中，它的功能最为全面，包括通过其 websocket++ 依赖项来支持 WebSocket 服务。在构建基于 Windows 的应用程序时，它能够使用诸如 HTTP.SYS 等原生 API，同时也支持使用 Boost.Asio。其中，WebSocket 模块专门且排他性地使用了 Boost.Asio。
* The constructor accepting `std::unique_ptr<http::details::_http_server_context`
* 接受 `std::unique_ptr<http::details::_http_server_context` 的构造函数
* The `_reply_impl` function implies that the message implementation also
* `_reply_impl` 函数意味着消息的实现也
* The `string<Tag> customization point constrains user defined body types
* `string<Tag>` 自定义点限制了用户自定义主体类型
As cpprestsdk is developed by a large corporation, it contains quite a bit of functionality and necessarily has more interfaces. We will break down the interfaces used to model messages into more manageable pieces. This is the container used to store the HTTP header fields: ``` class http_headers { public:
由于 cpprestsdk 由大型公司（微软）开发，它包含了相当多的功能，因此也必然拥有更多的接口。我们将把用于建模消息的接口拆解为更易于管理的部分。以下是用于存储 HTTP 头字段的容器： ``` class http_headers { public:
* How does the library handle corner cases such as trailers,
* 该库如何处理尾部（trailers）等边界情况，
* No way to define an allocator for the container used when extracting
* 无法为提取数据时所使用的容器定义分配器
* There are no compile-time customization points at all. The only
* 完全没有编译期自定义点。唯一
There are a few C++ published libraries which implement some of the HTTP protocol. We analyze the message model chosen by those libraries and discuss the advantages and disadvantages relative to Beast.
目前已有一些 C++ 库实现了部分 HTTP 协议。我们将分析这些库所采用的消息模型，并讨论它们相对于 Beast 的优缺点。
* Review the message model. Can it represent a complete request or
* 审查消息模型。它能否表示一个完整的请求或
class http_msg_base { public:
class http_msg_base { public:
protected:
protected:

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User avatar Bstran

Translation changed
Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).
Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: 中的任务操作方式与 `std::future` 类似，但进行了一些改进，例如 C++ 标准中尚未包含的 continuation（续体）。使用基于任务的异步接口而非完成处理程序（completion handlers）的代价已有详细记录：在组合任务操作的调用链上存在无法优化的同步点。参见：[@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).。
06/20/2026
User avatar admin

String added in the repository
Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).
Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).
06/05/2026
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type: paragraph
Unit identifier
58684
Source string location
string ID 447
String age
06/05/2026
Last updated
06/26/2026
Source string age
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doc/qbk/08_design/2_http_comparison_zh_Hans.qbk, string 69