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Now we analyze the structure of the larger message container. The library uses a handle/body idiom. There are two public message container interfaces, one for requests (`http_request`) and one for responses (`http_response`). Each interface maintains a private shared pointer to an implementation class. Public member function calls are routed to the internal implementation. This is the first implementation class, which forms the base class for both the request and response implementations: ``` namespace details {
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Key English Chinese (Simplified Han script) Actions
* There is no way to defer the commitment of the [*Body] type to after
* There is no way to defer the commitment of the [*Body] type to after
* No stateful allocator support. This follows from the previous limitation
* No stateful allocator support. This follows from the previous limitation
* The trailers are stored in a separate object. Aside from the combinatorial
* The trailers are stored in a separate object. Aside from the combinatorial
* The declarations imply that `std::vector` is a model of [*Body].
* The declarations imply that `std::vector` is a model of [*Body].
* The [*Body] customization point constrains user defined types to
* The [*Body] customization point constrains user defined types to
This representation addresses a narrow range of use cases. It has limited potential for customization and performance. It is more difficult to use because it excludes the start line fields from the model.
This representation addresses a narrow range of use cases. It has limited potential for customization and performance. It is more difficult to use because it excludes the start line fields from the model.
C++ REST SDK (cpprestsdk)
C++ REST SDK (cpprestsdk)
is a Microsoft project which ['"...aims to help C++ developers connect to and interact with services"]. It offers the most functionality of the libraries reviewed here, including support for Websocket services using its websocket++ dependency. It can use native APIs such as HTTP.SYS when building Windows based applications, and it can use Boost.Asio. The WebSocket module uses Boost.Asio exclusively.
is a Microsoft project which ['"...aims to help C++ developers connect to and interact with services"]. It offers the most functionality of the libraries reviewed here, including support for Websocket services using its websocket++ dependency. It can use native APIs such as HTTP.SYS when building Windows based applications, and it can use Boost.Asio. The WebSocket module uses Boost.Asio exclusively.
As cpprestsdk is developed by a large corporation, it contains quite a bit of functionality and necessarily has more interfaces. We will break down the interfaces used to model messages into more manageable pieces. This is the container used to store the HTTP header fields: ``` class http_headers { public:
As cpprestsdk is developed by a large corporation, it contains quite a bit of functionality and necessarily has more interfaces. We will break down the interfaces used to model messages into more manageable pieces. This is the container used to store the HTTP header fields: ``` class http_headers { public:
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private:
private:
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}; ```
}; ```
This declaration is quite bare-bones. We note the typical problems of most field containers:
This declaration is quite bare-bones. We note the typical problems of most field containers:
* The container may only be default-constructed.
* The container may only be default-constructed.
* No support for allocators, stateful or otherwise.
* No support for allocators, stateful or otherwise.
* There are no customization points at all.
* There are no customization points at all.
Now we analyze the structure of the larger message container. The library uses a handle/body idiom. There are two public message container interfaces, one for requests (`http_request`) and one for responses (`http_response`). Each interface maintains a private shared pointer to an implementation class. Public member function calls are routed to the internal implementation. This is the first implementation class, which forms the base class for both the request and response implementations: ``` namespace details {
Now we analyze the structure of the larger message container. The library uses a handle/body idiom. There are two public message container interfaces, one for requests (`http_request`) and one for responses (`http_response`). Each interface maintains a private shared pointer to an implementation class. Public member function calls are routed to the internal implementation. This is the first implementation class, which forms the base class for both the request and response implementations: ``` namespace details {
class http_msg_base { public:
class http_msg_base { public:
protected:
protected:
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}; ```
}; ```
To understand these declarations we need to first understand that cpprestsdk uses the asynchronous model defined by Microsoft's [@https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd504870.aspx [*Concurrency Runtime]]. Identifiers from the [@https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj987780.aspx [*`pplx` namespace]] define common asynchronous patterns such as tasks and events. The `concurrency::streams::istream` parameter and `m_data_available` data member indicates a lack of separation of concerns. The representation of HTTP messages should not be conflated with the asynchronous model used to serialize or parse those messages in the message declarations.
To understand these declarations we need to first understand that cpprestsdk uses the asynchronous model defined by Microsoft's [@https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd504870.aspx [*Concurrency Runtime]]. Identifiers from the [@https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj987780.aspx [*`pplx` namespace]] define common asynchronous patterns such as tasks and events. The `concurrency::streams::istream` parameter and `m_data_available` data member indicates a lack of separation of concerns. The representation of HTTP messages should not be conflated with the asynchronous model used to serialize or parse those messages in the message declarations.
The next declaration forms the complete implementation class referenced by the handle in the public interface (which follows after): ``` /// Internal representation of an HTTP request message. class _http_request final : public http::details::http_msg_base, public std::enable_shared_from_this<_http_request> { public:
The next declaration forms the complete implementation class referenced by the handle in the public interface (which follows after): ``` /// Internal representation of an HTTP request message. class _http_request final : public http::details::http_msg_base, public std::enable_shared_from_this<_http_request> { public:
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};
};
} // namespace details ```
} // namespace details ```
As before, we note that the implementation class for HTTP requests concerns itself more with the mechanics of sending the message asynchronously than it does with actually modeling the HTTP message as described in __rfc7230__:
As before, we note that the implementation class for HTTP requests concerns itself more with the mechanics of sending the message asynchronously than it does with actually modeling the HTTP message as described in __rfc7230__:
* The constructor accepting `std::unique_ptr<http::details::_http_server_context`
* The constructor accepting `std::unique_ptr<http::details::_http_server_context`
* The "cancellation token" is stored inside the message. This breaks the
* The "cancellation token" is stored inside the message. This breaks the
* The `_reply_impl` function implies that the message implementation also
* The `_reply_impl` function implies that the message implementation also
Finally, here is the public class which represents an HTTP request: ``` class http_request { public:
Finally, here is the public class which represents an HTTP request: ``` class http_request { public:
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private:
private:
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}; ```
}; ```
Key English Chinese (Simplified Han script) Actions
* The container may only be default-constructed.
* The container may only be default-constructed.
protected:
protected:
class http_msg_base { public:
class http_msg_base { public:
Now we analyze the structure of the larger message container. The library uses a handle/body idiom. There are two public message container interfaces, one for requests (`http_request`) and one for responses (`http_response`). Each interface maintains a private shared pointer to an implementation class. Public member function calls are routed to the internal implementation. This is the first implementation class, which forms the base class for both the request and response implementations: ``` namespace details {
Now we analyze the structure of the larger message container. The library uses a handle/body idiom. There are two public message container interfaces, one for requests (`http_request`) and one for responses (`http_response`). Each interface maintains a private shared pointer to an implementation class. Public member function calls are routed to the internal implementation. This is the first implementation class, which forms the base class for both the request and response implementations: ``` namespace details {
Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).
Tasks in the Concurrency Runtime operate in a fashion similar to `std::future`, but with some improvements such as continuations which are not yet in the C++ standard. The costs of using a task based asynchronous interface instead of completion handlers is well documented: synchronization points along the call chain of composed task operations which cannot be optimized away. See: [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3747.pdf [*A Universal Model for Asynchronous Operations]] (Kohlhoff).
is a Microsoft project which ['"...aims to help C++ developers connect to and interact with services"]. It offers the most functionality of the libraries reviewed here, including support for Websocket services using its websocket++ dependency. It can use native APIs such as HTTP.SYS when building Windows based applications, and it can use Boost.Asio. The WebSocket module uses Boost.Asio exclusively.
is a Microsoft project which ['"...aims to help C++ developers connect to and interact with services"]. It offers the most functionality of the libraries reviewed here, including support for Websocket services using its websocket++ dependency. It can use native APIs such as HTTP.SYS when building Windows based applications, and it can use Boost.Asio. The WebSocket module uses Boost.Asio exclusively.
As cpprestsdk is developed by a large corporation, it contains quite a bit of functionality and necessarily has more interfaces. We will break down the interfaces used to model messages into more manageable pieces. This is the container used to store the HTTP header fields: ``` class http_headers { public:
As cpprestsdk is developed by a large corporation, it contains quite a bit of functionality and necessarily has more interfaces. We will break down the interfaces used to model messages into more manageable pieces. This is the container used to store the HTTP header fields: ``` class http_headers { public:
This declaration is quite bare-bones. We note the typical problems of most field containers:
This declaration is quite bare-bones. We note the typical problems of most field containers:
* There are no customization points at all.
* There are no customization points at all.
* This container cannot model a complete message. The ['start-line] items
* This container cannot model a complete message. The ['start-line] items
* `headers_`, `body_`, and `trailers_` may only be default-constructed,
* `headers_`, `body_`, and `trailers_` may only be default-constructed,
* There is no way to defer the commitment of the [*Body] type to after
* There is no way to defer the commitment of the [*Body] type to after
* No stateful allocator support. This follows from the previous limitation
* No stateful allocator support. This follows from the previous limitation
* The trailers are stored in a separate object. Aside from the combinatorial
* The trailers are stored in a separate object. Aside from the combinatorial
* The declarations imply that `std::vector` is a model of [*Body].
* The declarations imply that `std::vector` is a model of [*Body].
* The [*Body] customization point constrains user defined types to
* The [*Body] customization point constrains user defined types to
This representation addresses a narrow range of use cases. It has limited potential for customization and performance. It is more difficult to use because it excludes the start line fields from the model.
This representation addresses a narrow range of use cases. It has limited potential for customization and performance. It is more difficult to use because it excludes the start line fields from the model.
C++ REST SDK (cpprestsdk)
C++ REST SDK (cpprestsdk)
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private:
private:
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};
};
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private:
private:
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}; ```
}; ```
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}; ```
}; ```
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private:
private:
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};
};
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private:
private:
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}; ```
}; ```
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}; ```
}; ```

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Now we analyze the structure of the larger message container. The library uses a handle/body idiom. There are two public message container interfaces, one for requests (`http_request`) and one for responses (`http_response`). Each interface maintains a private shared pointer to an implementation class. Public member function calls are routed to the internal implementation. This is the first implementation class, which forms the base class for both the request and response implementations: ``` namespace details {
Now we analyze the structure of the larger message container. The library uses a handle/body idiom. There are two public message container interfaces, one for requests (`http_request`) and one for responses (`http_response`). Each interface maintains a private shared pointer to an implementation class. Public member function calls are routed to the internal implementation. This is the first implementation class, which forms the base class for both the request and response implementations: ``` namespace details {
06/05/2026
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type: paragraph
Unit identifier
58660
Source string location
string ID 268
String age
06/05/2026
Last updated
06/05/2026
Source string age
06/05/2026
Translation file QuickBook file
doc/qbk/08_design/2_http_comparison_zh_Hans.qbk, string 45