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Concurrency
Concurrency并发
06/11/2026
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The __AsyncReadStream__ and __AsyncWriteStream__ concepts define requirements for ['asynchronous streams]: a portable I/O abstraction that exchanges data asynchronously using buffer sequences to represent bytes and `error_code` to report any failures. An ['asynchronous stream algorithm] is written as a templated initiating function template accepting a stream object meeting the named requirements for asynchronous reading, writing, or both. This example shows an algorithm which writes some text to an asynchronous stream:
The __AsyncReadStream__ and与 __AsyncWriteStream__ concepts define requirements for ['asynchronous streams]: a portable I/O abstraction that exchanges data asynchronously using buffer sequences to represent bytes and `error_code` to report any failures. An ['asynchronous stream algorithm] is written as a templated initiating function template accepting a stream object meeting the named requirements for asynchronous reading, writing, or both. This example shows an algorithm which writes some text to an asynchronous stream:概念用于定义 [异步流] 的要求：这是一种可移植的 I/O 抽象，能够异步交换数据，使用缓冲区序列表示字节数据，并通过 `error_code` 报告错误。[异步流算法] 以模板化的发起函数形式编写，接受满足异步读、异步写或两者兼具命名要求的流对象。以下示例用于展示一个向异步流写入文本的算法：
06/11/2026
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Networking prescribes facilities to determine the context in which handlers run. Every I/O object refers to an __ExecutionContext__ for obtaining the __Executor__ instance used to invoke completion handlers. An executor determines where and how completion handlers are invoked. Executors obtained from an instance of __io_context__ offer a basic guarantee: handlers will only be invoked from threads which are currently calling [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/io_context/run/overload1.html `net::io_context::run`].
Networking prescribes facilities to determine the context in which handlers run. Every I/O object refers to an __ExecutionContext__ for obtaining the __Executor__ instance used to invoke completion handlers. An executor determines where and how completion handlers are invoked. Executors obtained from an instance of __io_context__ offer a basic guarantee: handlers will only be invoked from threads which are currently calling网络库规定用于确定处理器运行上下文的设施。每个 I/O 对象都关联一个 __ExecutionContext__，用于获取调用完成处理器所需的 __Executor__ 实例。执行器决定完成处理器的调用位置与方式。从 __io_context__ 实例获取的执行器提供一项基本保证：处理器仅会在当前正在调用 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/io_context/run/overload1.html `net::io_context::run`]. 的线程中被执行。
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# `total`
# `total` —— 完全型
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# `partial`
# `partial` —— 部分型
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# `terminal`
# `terminal` —— 终止型`
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# `terminal`
# `terminal终止型`
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# `terminal`
# `terminal`
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The available [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/cancellation_type.html cancellation types] are listed below.
The available可用的 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/cancellation_type.html cancellation types] are listed below.取消类型] 如下所列。
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A completion token's associated cancellation_slot can be used to cancel single operations. This is often passed through by the completion token such as [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/use_awaitable.html `net::use_awaitable`] or [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/yield_context.html `net::yield_context`] .
A completion token's associated cancellation_slot can be used to cancel single operations. This is often passed through by the completion token such as完成处理器令牌所关联的取消槽可用于取消单个操作。该取消槽通常由完成处理器令牌（例如 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/use_awaitable.html `net::use_awaitable`] or或 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/yield_context.html `net::yield_context`] .）进行传递。
06/11/2026
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The function [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/bind_allocator.html `net::bind_allocator`] can be used when the caller wants to assign a custom allocator to the operation.
The function当调用方希望为操作指定自定义分配器时，可以使用 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/bind_allocator.html `net::bind_allocator`] can be used when the caller wants to assign a custom allocator to the operation.函数。
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The allocator is used by the implementation to obtain any temporary storage necessary to perform the operation. Temporary allocations are always freed before the completion handler is invoked. The executor is a cheaply copyable object providing the algorithm used to invoke the completion handler. Unless customized by the caller, a completion handler defaults to using `std::allocator<void>` and the executor of the corresponding I/O object.
The allocator is used by the implementation to obtain any temporary storage necessary to perform the operation. Temporary allocations are always freed before the completion handler is invoked. The executor is a cheaply copyable object providing the algorithm used to invoke the completion handler. Unless customized by the caller, a completion handler defaults to using `std::allocator<void>` and the executor of the corresponding I/O object.实现使用该分配器来获取执行操作所需的任何临时存储空间。所有临时分配的内存在完成处理器被调用之前都会被释放。执行器是一种轻量可复制的对象，提供用于调用完成处理器的算法。除非调用方进行了自定义，否则完成处理器默认使用 `std::allocator<void>` 以及对应 I/O 对象的执行器。
06/11/2026
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The function [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/bind_executor.html `net::bind_executor`] may be used when the caller wants to change the executor of a completion handler.
The function当调用方希望更改完成处理器的执行器时，可以使用 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/bind_executor.html `net::bind_executor`] may be used when the caller wants to change the executor of a completion handler.函数。
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Or these associations may be specified non-intrusively, by specializing the class templates [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_allocator.html `net::associated_allocator`] , [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_cancellation_slot.html `net::associated_cancellation_slot`] and [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_executor.html `net::associated_executor`]:
Or these associations may be specified non-intrusively, by specializing the class templates或者，这些关联也可以通过非侵入方式指定，即特化类模板 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_allocator.html `net::associated_allocator`] , 、[@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_cancellation_slot.html `net::associated_cancellation_slot`] and以及 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_executor.html `net::associated_executor`]:：
06/11/2026
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Every completion handler (also referred to as a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation ['continuation]]) has both an [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/overview/core/allocation.html ['associated allocator]] returned by [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/get_associated_allocator.html `net::get_associated_allocator`], , an [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_cancellation_slot.html ['associated cancellation slot]] returned by [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_cancellation_slot.html `net::get_associated_cancellation_slot`]. and an [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_executor.html ['associated executor]] returned by [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/get_associated_executor.html `net::get_associated_executor`]. These associations may be specified intrusively:
Every completion handler (also referred to as a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation ['continuation]]) has both an [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/overview/core/allocation.html ['associated allocator]] returned by每个完成处理器（也称为 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation [延续]]）都包含三个关联组件：通过 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/get_associated_allocator.html `net::get_associated_allocator`], , an 获取的 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_cancellation_slot.html ['associated cancellation slot]] returned byoverview/core/allocation.html [关联分配器]]、通过 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_cancellation_slot.html `net::get_associated_cancellation_slot`]. and an 获取的 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_executor.html ['associated executor]] returned bycancellation_slot.html [关联取消槽]]，以及通过 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/get_associated_executor.html `net::get_associated_executor`]. These associations may be specified intrusively: 获取的 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/associated_executor.html [关联执行器]]。这些关联可以通过内嵌方式指定：
06/11/2026
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An asynchronous operation begins with a call to an [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/asynchronous_operations.html ['initiating function]], which starts the operation and returns to the caller immediately. This ['outstanding] asynchronous operation proceeds concurrently without blocking the caller. When the externally observable side effects are fully established, a movable function object known as a [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/CompletionHandler.html ['completion handler]] provided in the initiating function call is queued for execution with the results, which may include the error code and other specific information. An asynchronous operation is said to be ['completed] after the completion handler is queued. The code that follows shows how some text may be written to a socket asynchronously, invoking a lambda when the operation is complete:
An asynchronous operation begins with a call to an异步操作从调用 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/asynchronous_operations.html ['initiating function]], which starts the operation and returns to the caller immediately. This ['outstanding] asynchronous operation proceeds concurrently without blocking the caller. When the externally observable side effects are fully established, a movable function object known as a [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/CompletionHandler.html ['completion handler]] provided in the initiating function call is queued for execution with the results, which may include the error code and other specific information. An asynchronous operation is said to be ['completed] after the completion handler is queued. The code that follows shows how some text may be written to a socket asynchronously, invoking a lambda when the operation is complete:发起函数]] 开始。该函数负责启动操作并立即返回，不会等待操作完成。随后，这个 [未完成] 的异步操作会在后台并发执行，不会阻塞调用者。当操作的外部可见效果全部产生后，发起函数中提供的一个可移动对象（称为 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/CompletionHandler.html [完成处理器]]）会连同操作结果（例如错误码及其他信息）一起被放入队列，等待执行。完成处理器被放入队列的那一刻，就意味着该异步操作 [已完成]。下面的代码演示了如何异步地向套接字写入一段文本，并在操作完成时调用一个 lambda 函数：
06/11/2026
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Asynchronous I/O
Asynchronous异步 I/O
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The same algorithm may be expressed using error codes instead of exceptions:
The same algorithm may be expressed using error codes instead of exceptions:同一算法也可采用错误码而非异常的方式来表述：
06/11/2026
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A ['synchronous stream algorithm] is written as a function template accepting a stream object meeting the named requirements for synchronous reading, writing, or both. This example shows an algorithm which writes text and uses exceptions to indicate errors:
A ['synchronous stream algorithm] is written as a function template accepting a stream object meeting the named requirements for synchronous reading, writing, or both. This example shows an algorithm which writes text and uses exceptions to indicate errors:同步流算法用于编写为函数模板，接受满足同步读写（或两者兼具）命名要求的流对象。以下示例用于展示一个写入文本并使用异常指示错误的算法：
06/11/2026
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Synchronous input and output is accomplished through blocking function calls that return with the result of the operation. Such operations typically cannot be canceled and do not have a method for setting a timeout. The __SyncReadStream__ and __SyncWriteStream__ concepts define requirements for ['synchronous streams]: a portable I/O abstraction that transfers data using buffer sequences to represent bytes and either `error_code` or an exception to report any failures. [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/basic_stream_socket.html ['net::basic_stream_socket]] is a synchronous stream commonly used to form TCP/IP connections. User-defined types which meet the requirements are possible:
Synchronous input and output is accomplished through blocking function calls that return with the result of the operation. Such operations typically cannot be canceled and do not have a method for setting a timeout. The 同步输入与输出通过阻塞函数调用实现，这些调用在操作完成后将返回结果。此类操作通常无法取消，也没有设置超时的方法。__SyncReadStream__ and与 __SyncWriteStream__ concepts define requirements for ['synchronous streams]: a portable I/O abstraction that transfers data using buffer sequences to represent bytes and either `error_code` or an exception to report any failures. 概念用于定义 [同步流] 的要求：这是一种可移植的 I/O 抽象，使用缓冲区序列来传输字节数据，并通过 `error_code` 或异常来报告错误。[@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/basic_stream_socket.html ['`net::basic_stream_socket]] is a synchronous stream commonly used to form TCP/IP connections. User-defined types which meet the requirements are possible:`] 是一种常用的同步流，用于建立 TCP/IP 连接。用户也可以定义满足这些要求的自定义类型。
06/11/2026

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