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The concepts __ConstBufferSequence__ and __MutableBufferSequence__ describe bidirectional ranges whose value type is convertible to `const_buffer` and `mutable_buffer` respectively. These sequences allow transacting with multiple buffers in a single function call, a technique called [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectored_I/O ['scatter/gather I/O]]. Buffers and buffer sequences are non-owning; copies produce shallow references and not duplicates of the underlying memory. Each of these statements declares a buffer sequence:
The concepts __ConstBufferSequence__ and与 __MutableBufferSequence__ describe bidirectional ranges whose value type is convertible to概念用于描述双向范围，其值类型分别可转换为 `const_buffer` and与 `mutable_buffer` respectively. These sequences allow transacting with multiple buffers in a single function call, a technique called [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectored_I/O ['scatter/gather I/O]]. Buffers and buffer sequences are non-owning; copies produce shallow references and not duplicates of the underlying memory. Each of these statements declares a buffer sequence:。这些序列允许在单个函数调用中处理多个缓冲区，这种技术称为 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectored_I/O [分散/聚集 I/O]]。缓冲区及缓冲区序列不具有所有权；拷贝操作产生的是浅层引用，而非底层内存的副本。以下每条语句都用于声明一个缓冲区序列：
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`const_buffer` and `mutable_buffer` are preferred over `std::span<byte>`
`const_buffer` and与 `mutable_buffer` are preferred over比 `std::span<byte>` 更适用。
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A [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_buffer ['buffer]] holds a contiguous sequence of bytes used when performing I/O. The types [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/const_buffer.html `net::const_buffer`] and [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/mutable_buffer.html `net::mutable_buffer`] represent these memory regions as type-safe pointer/size pairs:
A [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_buffer ['buffer]] holds a contiguous sequence of bytes used when performing I/O. The types 缓冲区]] 是用于存放 I/O 操作中字节数据的一段连续内存区域。[@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/const_buffer.html `net::const_buffer`] and与 [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/mutable_buffer.html `net::mutable_buffer`] represent these memory regions as type-safe pointer/size pairs:类型以类型安全的指针/大小对来表示这些内存区域。
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Buffers
Buffers缓冲区
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Networking in C++, represented by __Asio__, [@https://think-async.com/Asio/ Asio], and __NetTS__, provides a layer of abstraction to interact portably with the operating system facilities for not just networking but general [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output ['input/output]] ("I/O").
Networking in C++, represented byC++ 中的网络编程以 __Asio__, 、[@https://think-async.com/Asio/ Asio], and 以及 __NetTS__, provides a layer of abstraction to interact portably with the operating system facilities for not just networking but general 为代表，提供了一个抽象层，用于可移植地与操作系统设施交互。这些设施不仅涵盖网络，还涉及通用的 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output ['input/output]] ("I/O").输入/输出]]（简称 I/O）。
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A vendor supplies a program called a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver ['device driver]], enabling networking hardware such as an [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller ['ethernet adaptor]] to talk to the operating system. This in turn permits running programs to interact with networking using various flavors of interfaces such as [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_sockets ['Berkeley sockets]] or [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winsock ['Windows Sockets 2]] ("Winsock").
A vendor supplies a program called a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver ['device driver]], enabling networking hardware such as an [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller ['ethernet adaptor]] to talk to the operating system. This in turn permits running programs to interact with networking using various flavors of interfaces such as [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet [互联网]] 是一个由全球互联计算机组成的网络，这些计算机使用多种标准化的通信协议进行信息交换。其中最为流行的协议是 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol [TCP/IP]]，这也是本库唯一依赖的协议。该协议处理了底层细节，使得应用程序看到的是一个可靠的、全双工的流式连接，用于承载上述有序字节序列。[@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_sockets ['Berkeley sockets]] or [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winsock ['Windows Sockets 2]] ("Winsock").Server_(computing) [服务器]] 是一台强大的、始终在线的主机，位于知名的网络名称或地址上，用于提供数据服务。而 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing) [客户端]] 则是一个临时的对等端，它连接到服务器进行数据交换，完成后便离线。
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The [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet ['internet]] is a global network of interconnected computers that use a variety of standardized communication protocols to exchange information. The most popular protocol is [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol ['TCP/IP]], which this library relies on exclusively. The protocol takes care of the low level details so that applications see a ['stream], which is the reliable, full-duplex connection carrying the ordered set of bytes described above. A [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing) ['server]] is a powerful, always-on host at a well-known network name or network address which provides data services. A [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing) ['client]] is a transient peer which connects to a server to exchange data, and goes offline.
The [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet ['internet]] is a global network of interconnected computers that use a variety of standardized communication protocols to exchange information. The most popular protocol is互联网]] 是一个由全球互联计算机组成的网络，这些计算机使用多种标准化的通信协议进行信息交换。其中最为流行的协议是 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol ['TCP/IP]], which this library relies on exclusively. The protocol takes care of the low level details so that applications see a ['stream], which is the reliable, full-duplex connection carrying the ordered set of bytes described above. A [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing) ['server]] is a powerful, always-on host at a well-known network name or network address which provides data services. A [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing) ['client]] is a transient peer which connects to a server to exchange data, and goes offline.，这也是本库唯一依赖的协议。该协议处理了底层细节，使得应用程序看到的是一个可靠的、全双工的流式连接，用于承载上述有序字节序列。[@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing) [服务器]] 是一台强大的、始终在线的主机，位于知名的网络名称或地址上，用于提供数据服务。而 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing) [客户端]] 则是一个临时的对等端，它连接到服务器进行数据交换，完成后便离线。
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A [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network ['network]] allows programs located anywhere to exchange information after opting-in to communications by establishing a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link ['connection]]. Data may be reliably transferred across a connection in both directions ([@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications) ['full-duplex]]) with bytes arriving in the same order they were sent. These connections, along with the objects and types used to represent them, are collectively termed [link beast.concepts.streams ['streams]]. The computer or device attached to the network is called a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(network) ['host]], and the program on the other end of an established connection is called a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer ['peer]].
A [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network ['network]] allows programs located anywhere to exchange information after opting-in to communications by establishing a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link ['connection]]. Data may be reliably transferred across a connection in both directions ([@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications) ['full-duplex]]) with bytes arriving in the same order they were sent. These connections, along with the objects and types used to represent them, are collectively termed [link beast.concepts.streams ['streams]]. The computer or device attached to the network is called a [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(network) ['host]], and the program on the other end of an established connection is called a网络]] 允许位于任意地点的程序在建立 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link [连接]] 并选择通信后进行信息交换。数据可通过连接在双向（[@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications) [全双工]]）上可靠传输，且字节按发送顺序到达。这些连接以及用于表示连接的对象和类型统称为 [link beast.concepts.streams [流]]。连接到网络的计算机或设备称为 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(network) [主机]]，已建立连接另一端的程序称为 [@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer ['peer]].对等端]]。
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To use Beast effectively, a prior understanding of Networking is required. This section reviews these concepts as a reminder and guide for further learning.
To use Beast effectively, a prior understanding of Networking is required. This section reviews these concepts as a reminder and guide for further learning.为有效使用 Beast，需要预先理解网络库相关知识。本节对这些概念进行回顾，以作为提醒及进一步学习的指引。
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Refresher
Refresher回顾
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Configuration
Configuration配置
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This documentation assumes familiarity with __Asio__, which is required to work with Beast. Sample code and identifiers used throughout are written as if the following declarations are in effect:
This documentation assumes familiarity with __Asio__, which is required to work with Beast. Sample code and identifiers used throughout are written as if the following declarations are in effect:本文档假定读者已熟悉 __Asio__（使用 Beast 的必要前提）。全文中的示例代码与标识符均按以下声明处于有效状态为前提编写：
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Abbreviations
Abbreviations缩略语
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To further ease of use, this library provides an extensive collection of types and algorithms. This section of the documentation explains these types and algorithms, provides examples of usage, and also provides refreshers and tutorials for working with networking.
To further ease of use, this library provides an extensive collection of types and algorithms. This section of the documentation explains these types and algorithms, provides examples of usage, and also provides refreshers and tutorials for working with networking.为便于使用，本库提供了丰富的类型与算法集合。文档的此部分将对相关类型和算法进行说明，提供使用示例，同时包含网络库使用的复习与教程。
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In this documentation, the example code, and the implementation, the `net` namespace is used to qualify Networking identifiers. For Boost.Beast, `net` will be an alias for the `boost::asio` namespace.
In this documentation, the example code, and the implementation, the `net` namespace is used to qualify Networking identifiers. For在本文档、示例代码及具体实现中，使用 `net` 命名空间来限定网络库中的各类标识符。对于 Boost.Beast, 而言，`net` will be an alias for the是 `boost::asio` namespace.命名空间的别名。
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Boost.Beast depends specifically on the Boost.Asio flavor of Networking, although this may change in the future. While this library offers performant implementations of the HTTP and WebSocket network protocols, it depends on the networking interfaces to perform general tasks such as performing domain name resolution (DNS lookup), establishing outgoing connections, and accepting incoming connections. Callers are responsible for interacting with networking to initialize objects to the correct state where they are usable by this library.
Boost.Beast depends specifically on the Boost.Asio flavor of Networking, although this may change in the future. While this library offers performant implementations of the目前专门依赖于网络库的 Boost.Asio 实现（尽管未来可能会有所变化）。该库虽然提供了高性能的 HTTP and与 WebSocket network protocols, it depends on the networking interfaces to perform general tasks such as performing domain name resolution (DNS lookup), establishing outgoing connections, and accepting incoming connections. Callers are responsible for interacting with networking to initialize objects to the correct state where they are usable by this library.网络协议实现，但涉及域名解析（DNS 查询）、建立对外连接以及接受入站连接等通用任务时，仍需依赖网络库接口来完成。调用方需负责与网络库进行交互，将相关对象初始化至可供本库使用的正确状态。
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* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/serial_port.html Serial ports]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/local__stream_protocol.html UNIX domain sockets]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/signal_set.html POSIX signals] (e.g. SIGINT, SIGABORT)
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__stream.html TLS streams] (such as OpenSSL)
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/serial_port.html Serial ports]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/local__stream_protocol.html UNIX domain sockets]
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/signal_set.html POSIX signals] (e.g. SIGINT, SIGABORT)
* [@boost:/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__stream.html TLS streams] (such as OpenSSL)
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This document refers to the three implementations above interchangeably and collectively as [*Networking] (or just ['networking]). The Boost.Asio and Asio flavors of Networking provide additional features not currently proposed for C++, but likely to appear in a future specification, such as:
This document refers to the three implementations above interchangeably and collectively as [*Networking] (or just本文档将上述三种实现统称为 [*网络库]（或简称为 ['networking]). The ）。Boost.Asio and和 Asio flavors of Networking provide additional features not currently proposed for C++, but likely to appear in a future specification, such as:这两种网络库实现方式还提供了一些当前未纳入 C++ 标准提案但未来可能被加入的功能特性，例如：
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#include <experimental/io_context>
namespace net = std::experimental::net;
net::io_context ioc;
#include <experimental/io_context>
namespace net = std::experimental::net;
net::io_context ioc;
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[@https://github.com/chriskohlhoff/networking-ts-impl networking-ts-impl]
[@https://github.com/chriskohlhoff/networking-ts-impl networking-ts-impl]
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