Exit Zen
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For the complete listing of all available member functions and nested types, see the reference page for <<ref_object>>.
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The member function <<ref_value_kind,`value::kind`>> may be used to query the kind stored in the value. Alternatively, member functions like <<ref_value_is_object,`value::is_object`>> <<ref_value_is_number,`value::is_number`>> may be used to check whether or not the value is a particular kind:
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Name
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*rapidjson*
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https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/is_arithmetic[Arithmetic type]
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Matrix
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A special variant which can hold one of any of the six standard JSON data
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As with `std::pair`, the <<ref_key_value_pair>> type can be used with structured bindings in {cpp}17. Specializations of `std::tuple_size`, `std::tuple_element`, and overloads of <<ref_get>> are all provided for this purpose.
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Functions like <<ref_value_if_object,`value::if_object`>> actually return a pointer to the object if the value is an object, otherwise they return null. This allows them to be used both in boolean contexts as above, and in assignments or conditional expressions to capture the value of the pointer:
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of JSON texts each contained in a single contiguous character buffer, returning each result as a <<ref_value>>.
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While overloads of `tag_invoke` called by <<ref_value_to>> take the form:
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After a <<ref_value>> is constructed, its kind can change depending on what is assigned to it, or by calling functions such as <<ref_value_emplace_array,`value::emplace_array`>> or <<ref_value_emplace_bool,`value::emplace_bool`>>. If the assignment is successful, in other words it completes without any exceptions then the value is replaced. Otherwise, the value is unchanged. All operations which can fail to modify a value offer the strong exception safety guarantee.
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The <<ref_serialize>> function converts a <<ref_value>> into a {std_string}:
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These containers are explored in-depth in the sections that follow.
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Often it is needed to use several conversion contexts together. For example, consider a log of remote users identified by IP addresses accessing a system. We can represent it as `std::vector<std::pair<std::chrono::system_clock::time_point, ip_address>>`. We want to serialize both ``ip_address``es and ``time_point``s as strings, but for this we need both `as_string` and `as_iso_8601` contexts. To combine several contexts just use {std_tuple}. Conversion functions will select the first element of the tuple for which a `tag_invoke` overload exists and will call that overload. As usual, `tag_invoke` overloads that don't use contexts and library-provided generic conversions are also supported. Thus, here's our example:
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When an <<ref_object>> is formatted to a {std_ostream}, the result is a valid JSON. That is, the object will be output with curly braces and a comma separated list of key/value pairs, as per the JSON specification.
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The following table shows all of the ways to determine and access the contents of a <<ref_value>>:
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Workarounds for this problem are worse than the problem itself. The library could return a pair with the vector and `std::unique_ptr<std::pmr::memory_resource>` which the caller must manage. Or the library could change its function signatures to accept a {ref_memory_resource}``*`` provided by the caller, where the library also makes public the desired memory resources (`my_resource` above).
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*nlohmann*
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In situations where serializing a <<ref_value>> in its entirety is inefficient or even impossible, <<ref_serializer>> can be used to serialize a <<ref_value>> incrementally. This may be done for a variety of reasons, such as to avoid buffering the entire output, or to ensure that a fixed amount of work is performed in each cycle. Instances of <<ref_serializer>> maintain an output state using internal dynamically allocated structures, with an interface to retrieve successive buffers of the serialized output into a caller provided buffer. Here is an example, demonstrating how <<ref_operator_lt_lt>> may be implemented using a <<ref_serializer>>:
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