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It's worth noting that this approach is only used by pass:[libc++] and pass:[libstdc++]; the MSVC Dinkumware implementation uses a different one. A more detailed analysis of the standard containers can be found http://bannalia.blogspot.com/2013/10/implementation-of-c-unordered.html[here].
It's worth noting that this approach is only used by值得注意的是，这种方法仅被 pass:[libc++] and和 pass:[libstdc++]; the 所采用；MSVC 的 Dinkumware implementation uses a different one. A more detailed analysis of the standard containers can be found实现则使用了不同的方法。关于标准容器的更详细分析可参见 http://bannalia.blogspot.com/2013/10/implementation-of-c-unordered.html[here].此处]。
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image::singly-linked.png[align=center,link=_images/singly-linked.png,window=_blank]
image::singly-linked.png[align=center,link=_images/singly-linked.png,window=_blank]
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Canonical standard implementations will wind up looking like the diagram below:
Canonical standard implementations will wind up looking like the diagram below:典型的标准库实现最终会形成如下图所示的结构：
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An array of "buckets" is allocated and each bucket in turn points to its own individual linked list. This makes meeting the standard requirements of bucket iteration straight-forward. Unfortunately, iteration of the entire container is often times slow using this layout as each bucket must be examined for occupancy, yielding a time complexity of `O(bucket_count() + size())` when the standard requires complexity to be `O(size())`.
An array of "buckets" is allocated and each bucket in turn points to its own individual linked list. This makes meeting the standard requirements of bucket iteration straight-forward. Unfortunately, iteration of the entire container is often times slow using this layout as each bucket must be examined for occupancy, yielding a time complexity of系统分配一个"桶"数组，其中每个桶分别指向其专属的链表。这种结构使得桶迭代能直接满足标准要求。但采用此布局进行整体容器迭代通常较慢，因为需检查每个桶的占用状态，其时间复杂度为 `O(bucket_++_++count() +{plus} size())` when the standard requires complexity to be，而标准要求复杂度应为 `O(size())`. 。
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image::bucket-groups.png[align=center]
image::bucket-groups.png[align=center]
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Boost.Unordered sports one of the fastest implementations of closed addressing, also commonly known as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table#Separate_chaining[separate chaining]. An example figure representing the data structure is below:
Boost.Unordered sports one of the fastest implementations of closed addressing, also commonly known as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table#Separate_chaining[separate chaining]. An example figure representing the data structure is below:提供了速度最快的闭寻址实现之一，该结构通常被称为 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table#Separate_chaining[分离链接法] 。其数据结构示例如下：
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Closed-addressing Containers
Closed-addressing Containers闭寻址容器
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:idprefix: structures_
:idprefix: structures_
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[#structures] = Data Structures
[#structures] = Data Structures数据结构
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Processed 78 strings from the uploaded files (skipped: 0, not found: 0, updated: 78).
File upload mode: Add as translation 06/05/2026
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n/a
n/a
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`lower_bound`,`upper_bound`
`lower_bound`,`upper_bound`
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`equal_range(k)`
`equal_range(k)`
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Count
Count计数
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Find
Find查找
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O(`size()`)
O(`size()`)
:148
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Clearing the container
Clearing the container清空容器
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Average case: O(_N_), Worst case: O(`size()`)
Average case: O(_N_), Worst case:平均情况：O(_N_)，最坏情况： O(`size()`)
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O(log(`size()`) + _N_)
O(log(`size()`) + _N_)
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Erase a range of _N_ elements
Erase a range of _N_ elements移除 _N_元素的区间
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